The former Baywatch actress filed suit in Los Angeles Superior Court on Friday - listing their separation date as Thursday - just 72 days after their shock wedding in October.
The pin-up cited "irreconcilable differences" for the split and is seeking spousal support.
Minute marriage: Pamela Anderson and soon-to-be-ex Rick Saloman
She is also asking Saloman to pay her legal fees.
Anderson, 40, and Saloman, 39, wed at the Mirage Hotel in Las Vegas on October 6 after a whirlwind courtship.
Their relationship was a closely-guarded secret until only a few weeks before their marriage.
Anderson admitted she was engaged on a U.S. chat show in September, but refused to name Saloman, referring to him as a "poker player".
Writing on her official website this week, Anderson fails to mention her new single status, but says she has decided against further work in Las Vegas, where she has spent much of this year.
She writes: "I've decided against taking a huge offer to do a big production in Vegas - I've officially passed. Sounded like fun for a minute - very complicated with all the things hotel was offering - but after being home - it's impossible for me to leave.
"Committing to years in Vegas - 8-10 shows a week is not going to work for my family - I've never made decisions based on money and I'd hate to start now - I'm going to work on my dream now - and stay home."
The Ex Factor: Anderson's first husband Tommy Lee (left) and second spouse Kid Rock (right)
Saloman is best-known as the co-star in socialite Paris Hilton's infamous 2003 sex tape and for his rocky marriage to Beverly Hills, 90210 actress Shannen Doherty.
The split also marks Saloman's third failed marriage - he has two daughters from his first marriage to voice actress Elizabeth Daily.
His nuptials with the Baywatch star came only eight months after her divorce from rap/rocker Kid Rock, who she split from in November 2006 after four months of marriage.
Anderson also has two sons Dylan, nine; and Brandon, 11; from her first marriage to Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee.
During their tumultuous two and a half year marriage, Lee was arrested for assaulting Anderson and was sentenced to six months in jail.
Single again: Mother-of-two Pamela Anderson
